In a secret ballot on Thursday, his appointment for the second term in office was supported by 59 parliamentarians, while 23 were against and 17 abstained. Three ballot papers were invalidated.
Vasiliauskas was proposed for the second term by President Dalia Grybauskaite.
Vasiliauskas has chaired the central bank since Apr. 16, 2011, and his first five-year mandate will expire on April 15.
The chairman of the board of the Bank of Lithuania is appointed for a term of five years. The number of terms of office this particular officeholder may hold is not limited.